Role and equality of Women in Sikhism

Sikhism, founded by Guru Nanak Dev Ji in the 15th century, has always been a progressive religion when it comes to the treatment and equality of women. From its inception, Sikhism promoted the idea that men and women are equal in all aspects of life. One of Guru Nanak Dev Ji's most profound teachings on gender equality is captured in his words:

"We are conceived and born from women. Woman is our life-long friend and keeps the race going. Why should we despise her, the one who gives birth to great kings?"

In Sikhism, women enjoy the same rights and privileges as men, both in religious and secular life. They are regarded as possessing the same soul as men and have the right to grow spiritually and intellectually. Sikh women are not seen as subordinate but as equal partners in the journey toward spiritual enlightenment and personal growth.

Religious Equality and Participation

A woman in Sikhism has the right to fully participate in all religious activities, just like her male counterparts. She can lead religious congregations, perform Kirtan (the singing of devotional hymns), and partake in Akhand Path, the continuous recitation of the Guru Granth Sahib. Furthermore, a Sikh woman can serve as a Granthi (priest) or preacher, and play an active role in spiritual leadership. In the Sikh Gurdwaras (places of worship), women sit side by side with men, reflecting the religion's core belief in gender equality.

Historical Figures of Sikh Women

Sikh history is filled with examples of courageous and influential women who shaped the course of events in their time. These women demonstrated that leadership and bravery are not limited by gender.

One of the most prominent figures in Sikh history is Mai Bhago (Mata Bhag Kaur), a warrior who led Sikh soldiers into battle against the Mughal army in 1705. Her bravery and leadership have been an inspiration to generations of Sikh men and women. 

 Mai Bhago (Mata Bhag Kaur) led Sikh Army in 1705 against Mughals.

Other influential women in Sikh history include Mata Gujri, the mother of Guru Gobind Singh ji, Mata Sundari, Rani Sahib Kaur, Rani Sada Kaur, and Maharani Jind Kaur, all of whom played significant roles in shaping the Sikh community.

These women, through their courage, wisdom, and resilience, have left an indelible mark on Sikh history, demonstrating that women are just as capable of leadership and heroism as men.

Challenging Social Injustices

The Sikh Gurus were vocal in their opposition to the social injustices faced by women in their time. They stood against practices that degraded women, such as sati (the ritual of burning a widow alive on her husband’s funeral pyre), female infanticide, and the wearing of the veil.

Sati, in particular, was becoming more common due to the influence of certain cultural practices. The Sikh Gurus strongly condemned this ritual and instead emphasized that a true sati is not a woman who dies on the pyre but one who lives a life of honor and integrity, cherishing her late husband's memory without self-harm.

As stated in Guru Granth Sahib:
"A sati is not the one who burns herself on the pyre.
Sayeth Nanak, a true sati dies of the shock of demise."
(Guru Granth Sahib, p. 787)

This teaching reflects the Gurus’ progressive stance on women's rights and their advocacy for women's dignity in society.

The Modern Sikh Woman

In today’s world, Sikh women continue to thrive in various fields, making significant contributions to society. Whether in politics, business, education, or the military, Sikh women have established themselves as leaders and trailblazers. In India and across the globe, they have achieved success in diverse fields, serving as an example of the empowerment and equality that Sikhism champions.

Sikh women are not only succeeding professionally but are also maintaining their commitment to the values of service (seva) and spirituality. Many women actively participate in community service, organizing langars (community kitchens), and contributing to the well-being of their communities while balancing their roles as professionals and family members.

Wrap Up!

Sikhism stands out as a faith that, from its very origins, has supported the equality of women. By granting women the same rights as men in religious, social, and cultural spheres, Sikhism has empowered women to be active participants in all aspects of life. Whether through historical figures like Mai Bhago or the countless modern Sikh women who continue to inspire and lead, the legacy of gender equality in Sikhism remains strong and vibrant.